UNIT-I GENERAL FEATURES OF PTERIDOPHYTES, CLASSIFICATION OF PTERIDOPHYTES,STELAR SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION, PSILOPSIDA, RHYNIA, LYCOPSIDA, LYCOPODIUM, SELGINELLA,, UNIT-II GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF GAMETOPHYTIC AND SPOROPHYTIC SYSTEM IN PTEROPSIDA, PETERIDIUM, NEPHROLEPIS,MARSILEA, UNIT-III GENERAL CHRACTERS OF GYMNOSPERMS, CLASSIFICATION OF GYMNOSERMS, COMPARATIVE STUDYOF MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PARTS IN CYCADALES: CYCAS UNIT -IV STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY,ANALTOMY DEVELOPMENT ND REPRODUCTIVE PARTS IN CONIFERALES:PINUS, GNETALES: EPHEDRA, AFFINITIES RELATIONSHIP OF GYMNOKSPERMS, EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE, ELEMENTARY PALABOTANY: GENERAL ACCOUNT, TYPES OF FOSSILS, METHODS OF FOSSILIZTION AND GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE, INDEX.