Plant Breeding : 1. Introduction, 2. Crop improvement methods, 3. Heterosis or hybrid vigour, Biotechnology : 1. Introduction and functional definition, 2. Basic aspects of plant tissue culture, cellular totipotency, differentiation and morphogenesis, 3. Biology of agrobacterium vectors for gene delivery and marker genes, salient achievements in crop biotechnology, 4. Genetic engineering : tools and techniques of recombinant DNA technology, 5. Cloning vectors, genomic and cDNA library, 6. Transposable elements, techniques of gene mapping and chromosome walking.